What is an Upper GI Endoscopy (Gastroscopy)?

An Upper GI Endoscopy, also known as a Gastroscopy or EGD, is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). A thin, flexible tube called an endoscope—equipped with a light and a camera at its tip—is gently passed through the mouth and down into the digestive tract. The doctor views the high-definition images on a monitor in real-time.

Through this procedure, doctors can detect inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. They can also perform biopsies (taking small tissue samples) to test for cancer or H. pylori bacteria and perform therapeutic procedures like stopping internal bleeding.

When is a Gastroscopy Recommended?

Chronic abdominal pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen (epigastrium).
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
Unexplained vomiting or vomiting blood.
Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Is the Procedure Painful?

A gastroscopy is generally not painful, though some patients may find it slightly uncomfortable. To ensure your comfort, a local anesthetic spray is applied to the back of the throat to numb the area. In many cases, the doctor may also provide a mild sedative to help you relax or put you into a light sleep during the procedure.

How to Prepare for a Gastroscopy

Before the Procedure

Fasting: Do not eat or drink anything for at least 6 hours before the test to ensure the stomach is empty for a clear view. It is generally recommended to fast after midnight for a morning appointment.
Dentures: If you wear removable dentures, please remove them before the procedure.
Transportation: If you receive sedation, you must have a relative or friend accompany you to drive you home, as you may feel drowsy for several hours.

During the Procedure

In the examination room, your throat will be numbed with a spray, and a sedative may be administered.
You will be asked to lie on your left side. A small mouthpiece will be placed between your teeth to keep your mouth open. The endoscope is then gently inserted. It will not interfere with your breathing.
The thorough examination typically takes 7–10 minutes. It may take longer if biopsies, polyp removals, or bleeding treatments are required.
The doctor will gently pump a small amount of air into the stomach to expand it for better visibility. Any excess saliva will be removed by a suction device.
Once the exam is complete, the endoscope is removed quickly and easily.

After the Procedure

You should rest for about 30 minutes in the recovery area before going home.
Wait at least 1 hour until the numbness in your throat has completely worn off before eating or drinking.
You may experience a mild sore throat or bloating for the rest of the day.
Safety Warning: If you were sedated, do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or consume alcohol for 24 hours.
You can typically return to work and normal activities the following day.