Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL)

Sudden Hearing Loss Illustration

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL), commonly known as "Sudden Deafness," is an unexplained, rapid loss of hearing that happens all at once or over a few days. In 80–90% of cases, the exact cause is unknown.

Symptoms

Patients typically experience a feeling of ear fullness (aural fullness), muffled sounds, or a sudden, significant decrease in hearing in the affected ear.

Treatment

Anti-inflammatory medication: Oral steroids are given to reduce inflammation of the auditory nerve and sensory cells. Intratympanic steroid injections (injections into the middle ear) may be used, especially for diabetic patients or those who do not respond to oral medication.
Vasodilators: Medications to improve blood circulation to the inner ear.
Vitamin supplements: To help nourish and repair the damaged auditory nerve.
Anti-vertigo medication: To manage dizziness or balance issues if present.
Rest: Physical and auditory rest is essential. Avoid loud noises to allow the ear to recover and reduce potential inner ear fluid leakage. Sleep with the head elevated at approximately 30 degrees to minimize inner ear pressure.
Activity restriction: Avoid heavy work or strenuous exercise. In some cases, hospitalization for 1–2 weeks may be recommended for intensive treatment.

Prevention and Management

Control underlying conditions: Manage chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, kidney disease, gout, or blood disorders.
Avoid ototoxic drugs: Stay away from medications that can damage the auditory nerve, such as high-dose Aspirin, Aminoglycosides, and Quinine.
Prevent trauma: Avoid accidents or direct impacts to the ear and head area.
Prevent infections: Reduce the risk of ear infections or upper respiratory tract infections.
Dietary changes: Reduce salt intake and limit caffeine (coffee, tea, soft drinks). Strictly avoid smoking.
Lifestyle: Reduce stress, ensure adequate sleep, and exercise regularly.