G6PD Deficiency

G6PD Deficiency (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency) is a hereditary genetic condition that is significantly more common in males than females. G6PD is an essential enzyme found in red blood cells that helps protect them from damage and premature destruction (hemolysis).

Individuals with this condition are at risk when exposed to certain medications, foods, or infections. These triggers cause red blood cells to break down faster than the body can replace them, leading to anemia, fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin/eyes), and dark-colored urine (resembling Coca-Cola).

Symptoms in Newborns

• Newborns (typically 1–4 days old) may experience jaundice and anemia that lasts longer than usual. This is caused by acute hemolysis (red blood cell breakdown) and elevated bilirubin levels in the blood.

Medical Treatment

• Phototherapy: Newborns with jaundice are treated under special blue lights. This process breaks down bilirubin in the skin into a form that the body can easily excrete.
• General Care: After discharge, most babies with G6PD deficiency lead healthy, normal lives. Although it is a lifelong genetic condition that cannot be "cured," it is not dangerous if triggers are avoided. However, if the child becomes ill or develops a fever, seek medical advice promptly.
• Older Children: Exposure to triggers or infections can cause acute anemia and jaundice, characterized by sudden fatigue and dark, tea-colored urine.

Emergency Management

• Encourage the child to drink plenty of water, immediately stop any suspected medications or foods, and seek medical attention at the hospital right away.

Precautions and Prevention

• Consult a Doctor: Never self-medicate. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about the G6PD status before any treatment or prescription.
• Carry an ID Card: Patients should always carry their G6PD Deficiency identification card provided by the hospital.
• Avoid These Triggers:
  • Medications: Such as Dapsone (for leprosy), certain anti-malarial drugs, and specific sulfa drugs.
  • Food: Fava beans (broad beans) in any form, red wine, and some berry varieties (like blueberries).
  • Chemicals: Mothballs (naphthalene) and camphor.
• Monitor for Signs of Hemolysis: Watch for sudden paleness, yellowing of the eyes/skin (jaundice), or dark-colored urine. In children, signs may include lethargy, loss of appetite, and extreme fatigue. If these occur, stop all medications, increase water intake, and bring the child (along with any medications they were taking) to the hospital immediately.