How Do You Know If You Have Tuberculosis (TB)?
The medical case of the late singer "Numtarn The Star" highlighted a rare condition called **"Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis,"** which accounts for less than 1% of extra-pulmonary TB cases. Despite having no clear risk factors, this case has led many to wonder: *Could this happen to me, and how would I know?*
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by bacteria. While it can affect any part of the body, approximately 80% of cases occur in the lungs. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks loudly, shouts, laughs, or sings.
Data from the Bureau of Tuberculosis (Department of Disease Control) indicates a rise in TB among celebrities and high-income individuals over the past 5-6 years. This serves as a reminder that TB is not just a disease of the poor; we all breathe the same air.
Key Symptoms
The most significant symptom is a chronic cough lasting 2 weeks or more. Other symptoms may include unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, low-grade fever, coughing up blood, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and excessive night sweats.
The only way to confirm a TB diagnosis is through health screenings and TB testing at least once a year.
Diagnostic Methods
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum culture and microscopy
- Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)
- IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assay) Blood Test
Prevention
Protect yourself by maintaining good overall health, ensuring your living space is well-ventilated, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. If you have a chronic cough for more than 2 weeks or have been in close contact with a TB patient, consult a doctor immediately.
Additionally, the BCG vaccine helps prevent severe forms of TB. It has a prevention efficiency of approximately 80%, with immunity lasting 10-15 years.
