Childhood Asthma

Asthma is an allergic condition involving chronic inflammation of the airways. In individuals with asthma, the bronchial tubes are hypersensitive to various triggers, causing them to constrict, swell, and produce excess mucus. Most patients begin showing symptoms during childhood.

Causes

Asthma is caused by a combination of genetics and environmental triggers, such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and other allergens.

Symptoms

• Wheezing: A high-pitched whistling sound during breathing caused by narrowed airways.
• Difficulty Breathing: Shortness of breath or rapid breathing, which often worsens during respiratory infections or after allergen exposure.
• Persistent Cough: In milder cases, the primary symptom may be a persistent cough, particularly at night or after physical activity.

Treatment and Management

• Avoid Triggers: Identify and minimize exposure to known allergens and irritants.
• Reliever Medication: Use bronchodilators for immediate relief during an asthma attack.
• Controller Medication: For frequent symptoms, inhaled corticosteroids are used daily to reduce long-term inflammation. It is essential to use this medication consistently as prescribed.
• Regular Exercise: Consistent physical activity helps improve lung function and overall quality of life for children with asthma.

Warning Signs: When to See a Doctor Immediately

If your child experiences severe coughing, wheezing, rapid breathing, or shows signs of struggling to breathe, please seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Reference: Patient education: Asthma. www.uptodate.com, Jan 2019