Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) refers to an acute infection affecting the upper components of the respiratory system, extending from the nasal passages to the larynx (voice box).

Common conditions classified under URI include:

• Common Cold
• Acute Otitis Media (Middle ear infection)
• Acute Sinusitis (Sinus infection)
• Acute Pharyngitis (Sore throat)
• Acute Tonsillitis

Causes

The majority of cases are caused by viruses. Bacterial infections are the second most common cause. Fungal infections are rare and typically occur only in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms

• Fever (can be high or low depending on the type of pathogen).
• Cough (with or without phlegm).
• Runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.
• Sore throat or hoarseness.
• General symptoms such as fatigue and loss of appetite.

Treatment

• Viral Infections: Treatment is supportive (symptomatic care) to strengthen the body, allowing the immune system to naturally eliminate the virus.
• Bacterial Infections: Antibiotics may be prescribed if a bacterial cause is identified.
• Fungal Infections: Antifungal medications are used in cases caused by fungi.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

1. High fever and chills that do not improve after taking medication.
2. Severe fatigue, nausea, vomiting, or inability to eat.
3. Persistent coughing or shortness of breath (difficulty breathing).