Heat-Related Illnesses
The current hot weather can lead to various illnesses, especially in children, the elderly, or adults working outdoors. Without proper physical preparation for extreme heat, anyone can be at risk.
Heat-related illnesses range in severity from mild to life-threatening:
Heat Stroke (The Most Severe Form)
"Rapid loss of body fluids leads to internal organ failure and can be fatal. Everyone is at risk, especially those exposed to extreme heat for prolonged periods."
Symptoms include: A body temperature exceeding 40.5°C, altered mental state or confusion, drowsiness, behavioral changes, and a lack of sweating. This is a medical emergency that can lead to death or permanent brain disability.
First Aid: Immediately move the person out of the heat. Remove excess clothing and attempt to cool the body by spraying water over the skin and using a fan before and during transport to the hospital.
Heat Rash (Prickly Heat)
An acute inflammation caused by blocked sweat ducts. This leads to red bumps on the skin, which can be itchy. Antihistamines may help relieve itching, but talcum powder is often ineffective. Prevent this by wearing clean, lightweight, and loose-fitting clothing.
Heat Edema
Swelling or a feeling of tightness in the hands and feet, usually occurring within the first 1-2 days of heat exposure. Unlike other conditions, this swelling does not spread to the face or shins and typically resolves on its own within 1-2 days.
Heat Syncope (Fainting)
Dizziness or fainting that occurs when the body is not yet acclimated to the heat. Treatment includes moving to a cooler area, rehydrating, and resting.
Heat Cramps
Painful muscle spasms, usually in the calves, thighs, or shoulders. This happens when significant sweating occurs and is replaced by plain water without adequate electrolytes. Recovery involves resting in the shade and drinking electrolyte-replacement beverages.
Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain, though the person remains conscious. It is caused by severe loss of water and salt. Treatment involves moving to a cool place, resting, and rehydrating (either orally or via IV fluids if necessary).
Prevention: How to Stay Safe
Prepare your body by exercising at least 3 times a week (30-60 minutes each). Drink 1-2 glasses of water before leaving home on hot days. If you must be outdoors, drink about 1 liter of water per hour (4-6 glasses), even if you do not feel thirsty.
Wear light-colored, lightweight, and breathable clothing. Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 and avoid direct sunlight during peak hours (10:00 AM – 3:00 PM).
Avoid taking antihistamines or decongestants before exercising in the heat, and strictly avoid alcohol and drugs.
Special Care for Children and the Elderly: Ensure they are in well-ventilated environments. For children, mandate a rest break every 30-60 minutes during play and provide plenty of water.
Never ignore signs of exhaustion in children or the elderly, and NEVER leave them alone in a parked car.
