Uterine Fibroids (เนื้องอกมดลูก)
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop from the abnormal multiplication of muscle cells in the uterus. They typically appear as firm, pale, rubbery masses and can vary greatly in size.
Fibroids may occur as a single growth or in clusters. Some grow slowly while others expand rapidly. They can be found within the muscular wall of the uterus (intramural), bulging into the uterine cavity (submucosal), or protruding from the outer surface of the uterus (subserosal).
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, though genetics often play a role. Hormones, specifically estrogen, are known to stimulate their growth. For example, fibroids often enlarge during pregnancy when hormone levels are high, but they typically shrink after menopause when estrogen levels drop.
Symptoms
- Abnormal Menstrual Bleeding: This is the most common symptom. Periods remain regular but become significantly heavier or last longer, sometimes including large blood clots.
- Palpable Mass: You may feel a firm lump in the lower abdomen or notice that your abdomen appears enlarged.
- Pelvic Pressure and Pain: Chronic pressure or menstrual pain. If the fibroid presses on the bladder, it causes frequent urination; if it presses on the rectum, it can cause constipation.
- Fertility Issues: Fibroids can lead to difficulty conceiving or recurrent miscarriages if they distort the uterine cavity where the embryo implants.
[Image showing a fibroid pressing against the bladder and rectum]
Treatment
- Observation: For small fibroids that cause no symptoms, doctors usually recommend regular ultrasound monitoring to track their size.
- Medication or Surgery: Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the patient's desire for future pregnancy. Surgical options range from removing just the fibroids (myomectomy) to removing the entire uterus (hysterectomy).
Recommendations
- Women experiencing vaginal bleeding for more than 7 days should seek medical attention immediately to rule out fibroids, cervical cancer, or endometrial cancer.
- Most uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous). Many are small and asymptomatic, while those that cause problems can be effectively treated.
- Pregnancy with fibroids may require a C-section if the mass obstructs the birth canal or causes the baby to be in an abnormal position.
Emergency Warning Signs
- Excessive menstrual bleeding leading to anemia (pale skin, dizziness).
- Severe frequent urination, fever, or chills.
- Rapid abdominal swelling or chronic bloating.
