Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Croup Awareness and Care

Croup is an inflammation of the upper airway, including the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe), which leads to airway obstruction. While it can be alarming, most cases are mild and resolve on their own. It is most common in infants aged 3–6 months but can affect children up to age 15.

Causes

Croup is typically caused by viral infections, most commonly the Parainfluenza virus. Other causes include Adenovirus, RSV, and the Measles virus.

Notably, Influenza Type A can cause more severe symptoms, particularly in children aged 3–7 years. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, similar to the common cold.

Symptoms

The illness usually starts with cold-like symptoms: a mild fever, sore throat, and runny nose for 1–2 days. This is followed by a distinct hoarse voice and a "barking" cough (resembling a seal's bark). You may also hear a high-pitched whistling sound during inhalation, known as stridor.

These symptoms often appear suddenly and tend to worsen at night, potentially waking the child from sleep. Symptoms usually improve during the day and typically resolve within 3–7 days, though some cases may last up to 2 weeks.

Treatment and Care

Mild Symptoms: If the child has a barking cough or occasional stridor only when crying or moving, but is otherwise cheerful and eating well, treat at home. Provide plenty of fluids, manage fever with antipyretics, avoid cigarette smoke, and keep the air humidified.
During Flare-ups: Have the child breathe in warm, moist air. You can create a "steam room" by running hot water in the bathroom and sitting with the child for 10 minutes, or use a warm, damp cloth near their nose and mouth. Monitor them closely every day.
Hospitalization: Seek immediate medical care if the child has stridor while resting, difficulty breathing, visible chest or rib retractions, bluish lips/nails, difficulty swallowing, or signs of dehydration and lethargy.

Emergency Warning Signs: Seek Immediate Medical Help If:

The child has a high fever, extreme restlessness, or rapid/labored breathing.
The child is "air-hungry" (struggling for every breath) or breathing very shallowly.
The child's skin or lips turn blue (cyanosis).
The child is unable to lie down and must remain sitting upright to breathe.