Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

[Image illustrating the IUI process: sperm being placed directly into the uterus]

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment that involves placing concentrated, high-quality sperm directly into the uterus. A small, flexible catheter is used to bypass the cervix and deliver the sperm during or near the time of ovulation. This allows the sperm to swim toward the fallopian tubes to fertilize the egg naturally, increasing the chances of conception.

Characteristics of Healthy Sperm

• Volume: At least 2 cc per ejaculation. Lower volumes may indicate underlying issues.
• Concentration: At least 20 million sperm per 1 cc. Lower counts can lead to infertility challenges.
• Motility: Strong swimming ability is vital. Factors like high-temperature work environments, frequent saunas, hot baths, or tight underwear can damage sperm production and motility.
• Morphology: Normal sperm should have one head and one tail. Abnormal shapes can lead to fertilization issues or an increased risk of miscarriage.

The IUI Process

• For the Female: The doctor prescribes oral or injectable medication starting on Day 3 of the menstrual cycle to stimulate the production of multiple follicles. Ultrasounds monitor follicle size, and a "trigger shot" is given to induce ovulation. The IUI procedure is then scheduled 24–48 hours later.
• For the Male: Sperm is collected on the day of the procedure. The male partner should abstain from ejaculation for 3–5 days prior to the appointment.
• The Procedure: Processed sperm is loaded into a thin catheter and injected into the uterus. The patient rests for 15–30 minutes before going home.
• Testing: Pregnancy can be confirmed via a blood test 12–14 days after the procedure.

Success Rates

The success rate for IUI is approximately 10–20% per cycle. While the natural pregnancy rate averages 30%, IUI combined with ovulation induction increases the chances of multiple eggs being fertilized, which also carries a higher possibility of twins.

Recommendations

• Folic Acid: Take 1 tablet (4 mg) daily from 3 months before conception through the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects and cleft lip/palate.
• Ovarian Reserve: Women are born with a finite number of eggs (roughly 400 will ovulate in a lifetime). As age increases, egg quantity and quality decrease, making conception more difficult.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pelvic pain or pressure that does not improve with standard pain medication.